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Book/movie review
22/08/2022
1
Major Assignment 1
Jacque Goode
Ph.D. in Human Service, Walden University
RSCH 8310U
Dr. Chermack
September 24, 2023
Major Assignment 1
Discrimination against LGBTQ+ individuals in housing, employment, and healthcare is widespread and has profound implications. LGBTQ+ individuals, representing various sexual orientations and gender identities, encounter multifaceted discrimination and bigotry in these vital areas of life. This qualitative study examines LGBTQ+ discrimination in housing, employment, and healthcare and how people cope with it regarding their sexual orientations, gender identities, and socio-cultural backgrounds. Based on constructivist epistemology and ontology, this study recognizes that discrimination is shaped by human experiences and the socio-cultural environment in which it happens. Discrimination against LGBTQ+ individuals includes overt actions, subtle microaggressions, and structural impediments. It is firmly ingrained in social, cultural, and political contexts. This study promotes LGBTQ+ rights and well-being, acknowledging that the researcher’s biases may affect the findings. Reflexivity and openness during research can reduce this tendency. In real-world LGBTQ+ communities, this research seeks to capture the diverse tapestry of experiences, emotions, and coping techniques against discrimination. In-depth interviews and participant observations will explore LGBTQ+ individuals lived experiences and how discrimination affects their self-esteem, relationships, and well-being.
Problem Statement
The problem is LGBTQ+ individuals being discriminated against in housing, employment, and healthcare. Overt bigotry, subtle microaggressions, institutional hurdles, and economic inequality are all manifestations of discrimination. This worldwide issue impacts LGBTQ+ individuals in many ways. Discrimination against LGBTQ+ individuals is multifaceted and has profound effects, as shown by Bosley-Smith (2023), Casey et al. (2019), and Neves et al. (2023). According to Bosley-Smith’s research, LGBTQ+ individuals typically anticipate discrimination and feel anticipatory economic stresses like job instability and income disparity, which may worsen their discrimination. Casey et al.’s study shows that LGBTQ+ individuals face discrimination across all domains, and it emphasizes the need to understand its consequences on their mental and physical health, social relationships, and well-being. Neves et al.’s literature assessment highlights transgender individuals’ particular issues.
Despite these helpful insights, the literature on LGBTQ+ individual’s diverse and context-dependent experiences with housing, employment, and healthcare discrimination is lacking. Existing research overviews the issue but seldom examines individuals’ narratives, emotions, and coping methods in their socio-cultural and environmental settings. This study must use qualitative methods to explore the complex layers of LGBTQ+ discrimination to understand the phenomenon better and inform interventions and policy changes to combat discrimination and promote equality and inclusivity for LGBTQ+ individuals in these critical life domains.
Purpose Statement
The purpose of this qualitative study is to explore how LGBTQ+ individuals navigate and make sense of discrimination in employment, housing, and healthcare, given their sexual orientation, gender identity, and diverse socio-cultural contexts. This study is based on constructivist epistemology and ontology, which holds that “reality” is subjectively produced via individual and societal experiences. Thus, it acknowledges that discrimination is a complex combination of perceptions, interpretations, and interactions shaped by personal experiences and the socio-cultural context. The emphasis on LGBTQ+ discrimination needs a qualitative approach. Discrimination is distinct for each LGBTQ+ individual. This qualitative research unravels LGBTQ+ individuals’ complex narratives, emotions, and coping techniques under prejudice. We use qualitative study to explore the layers of meaning in these encounters, including the immediate and long-term implications of discrimination on people’s sense of self, relationships, and well-being. The research emphasizes the necessity of the realistic atmosphere in which these events occur to facilitate this inquiry. LGBTQ+ discrimination is firmly rooted in social, cultural, and political settings. This research recognizes the dynamic relationship between individuals and their environments and views the setting as part of the phenomenon under study. The naturalistic environment shapes discrimination in housing instability, employment disparities, and healthcare inequalities and affects individuals’ reactions and resilience mechanisms.
The complex nature of LGBTQ+ discrimination in housing, employment, and healthcare justifies this study’s qualitative methodology. As the researcher, my dedication to LGBTQ+ individual’s rights and well-being may influence the results. I will constantly reflect on my viewpoints and prejudices during the study process to reduce this bias. I may accept my role as an LGBTQ+ advocate while being open and sensitive to the different perspectives of this group via reflexivity. This research takes place in real-world LGBTQ+ communities where discrimination is common. These environments are intricate ecosystems of social conventions, rules, and relationships that shape people’s experiences. LGBTQ+ individuals may confront overt housing discrimination, subtle microaggressions, or structural hurdles to safe and affirming housing. Wage discrepancies, hiring practices, and workplace harassment are examples of employment discrimination. Stigma, provider cultural competency, and access constraints may cause healthcare inequities. Qualitative methods are necessary in these naturalistic situations due to their complex impacts. The research can capture the complex tapestry of participants’ experiences, emotions, and coping strategies in their distinct socio-cultural and environmental situations. Qualitative data-gathering approaches, including in-depth interviews and participant observations, will provide a complete knowledge of LGBTQ+ individual’s discriminated experiences.
Research Question: How do LGBTQ+ individuals navigate and make sense of discrimination in employment, housing, and healthcare, given their sexual orientation, gender identity, and diverse socio-cultural contexts?
Annotated Bibliography
Bosley‐Smith, E. R. (2023). Anticipatory Economic Stressors: Perceived and Potential Sources of Economic Disadvantage for LGBTQ Adults.
Sociological Inquiry.
https://doi.org/10.1111/soin.12533
Bosley-Smith’s (2023) Sociological Inquiry study explores economic stresses for LGBTQ+ individuals, highlighting perceived and possible causes of economic disadvantage. The article’s nuanced view of discrimination indirectly affecting LGBTQ+ individuals’ housing, employment, and healthcare is essential to our study. The study’s results show how economic stresses and discrimination interact. LGBTQ+ individuals typically anticipate discrimination and its economic effects, causing anticipatory financial pressures. Stressors include employment uncertainty, income inequality, and healthcare discrimination. This ready tension complicates LGBTQ+ discrimination. Bosley-Smith’s study emphasizes the interconnection of discriminating across life domains relevant to our research. For instance, job discrimination may cause economic burdens that affect safe housing and healthcare. The study also underlines the necessity for qualitative research on LGBTQ+ individuals’ lived experiences and coping methods for anticipating financial pressures. Such findings help our research grasp discrimination’s widespread consequences on housing, employment, and healthcare.
Bosley-Smith’s study sheds light on the economic aspects of LGBTQ+ discrimination, connecting financial pressures to housing, employment, and healthcare inequities. This supports our qualitative study’s goal of investigating LGBTQ+ individuals’ complex discriminatory experiences and their current and future impacts. Bosley-Smith (2023) uses Minority Stress Theory as the study’s framework. According to Meyer (2003), stigmatized identities cause chronic stress in minority groups like LGBTQ+ individuals, which may lead to economic disadvantage. Because it provides a complete view of LGBTQ+ individuals’ economic pressures, the writers use it well. It illuminates how social discrimination and prejudice cause economic differences, making studying this neglected population beneficial. The research is rigorous in critical replies, yet there are significant drawbacks. The sample size may not reflect LGBTQ+ diversity. The research focuses on LGBTQ+ individuals, but it might benefit from a more complete analysis of managers’ and staff experiences to better understand the community’s workplace dynamics and economic concerns. The research questions must match the sample and data to improve the study’s internal validity. The study’s results provide valuable insights into LGBTQ+ individual’s economic pressures, but these limitations should be considered.
Casey, L. S., Reisner, S. L., Findling, M. G., Blendon, R. J., Benson, J. M., Sayde, J. M., & Miller, C. (2019). Discrimination in the United States: Experiences of lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and queer Americans.
Health Services Research,
54(S2), 1454–1466.
https://doi.org/10.1111/1475-6773.13229
This seminal Health Services Research study by Casey et al. (2019) examines LGBTQ+ discrimination in the US. The article’s contribution to our study subject is significant since it highlights LGBTQ+ discrimination in healthcare, employment, and housing. The survey shows that LGBTQ+ Americans face discrimination that limits their access to crucial services and opportunities. It offers many LGBTQ+ individuals who have experienced healthcare, employment, and housing discrimination. Discrimination mentioned by participants ranges from overt actions to subtle microaggressions. Casey et al.’s work contextualizes and validates our qualitative study of LGBTQ+ persecution. It emphasizes the critical need to understand how discrimination occurs in these key life areas and how it profoundly affects LGBTQ+ individuals. It also pushes us to study the long-term effects of bias on mental and physical health, social connections, and well-being. This Casey et al. study underpins our qualitative study on LGBTQ+ discrimination in housing, employment, and healthcare. It emphasizes the seriousness of these concerns and allows for personal experiences, coping techniques, and resilience of LGBTQ+ individuals suffering discrimination.
Casey et al. (2019) use the Minority Stress Theory to research “Discrimination in the United States: Experiences of lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and queer Americans.” Minority Stress Theory, proposed by Meyer (2003), explains LGBTQ+ people’s persistent pressures owing to stigma, specifically discrimination. This paradigm contextualizes and explains LGBTQ+ discrimination in housing, employment, and healthcare, making it relevant and acceptable for studying this community. It shows how discrimination impacts their health and access to crucial services.
Neves, S., Borges, J., Ferreira, M., Correia, M., Sousa, E., Rocha, H., Silva, L., Allen, P., & Vieira, C. (2023). A literature review on violence and discrimination against trans people in Portugal: Are we still living in a dictatorship?
Sexualities. https://doi.org/10.1177/13634607231197059
Neves et al.’s (2023) Sexualities literature review critically investigates violence and discrimination against transgender people in Portugal, providing a significant viewpoint on LGBTQ+ discrimination that might inform our study. This review shows the discrimination transgender individuals face, a subgroup of LGBTQ+ individuals. The paper stresses the necessity of recognizing LGBTQ+ diversity and that transgender individuals typically encounter increased persecution. It studies Portugal’s historical and social backdrop of discrimination, which might help us comprehend European situations, including our study. Neves et al.’s work allows us to compare transgender identity discrimination in Portugal with LGBTQ+ identity discrimination in the US. The review emphasizes the necessity for a qualitative study of transgender individuals’ personal narratives and coping methods due to the prevalence of discrimination and violence. This research review also highlights the significance of cultural and policy changes in addressing prejudice, which might enrich our study’s assessment of interventions and policy suggestions to fight LGBTQ+ housing, employment, and healthcare discrimination. However, the research does not provide a theoretical or conceptual framework. The research seems to take a critical sociological approach, examining power relations, cultural norms, and transgender prejudice. This method illuminates the various socio-cultural elements that cause transgender violence and discrimination in Portugal. The absence of a theoretical foundation may restrict the analysis’s consistency and depth. Clarification might improve the study’s theory. Neves et al.’s literature review enhances our research by revealing transgender individual’s unique experiences, providing a comparative perspective, and emphasizing the need for societal and policy changes to combat LGBTQ+ discrimination. This supports our qualitative study’s goal of examining discrimination’s effects and solutions.
References
Bosley‐Smith, E. R. (2023). Anticipatory Economic Stressors: Perceived and Potential Sources of Economic Disadvantage for LGBTQ Adults.
Sociological Inquiry. https://doi.org/10.1111/soin.12533
Casey, L. S., Reisner, S. L., Findling, M. G., Blendon, R. J., Benson, J. M., Sayde, J. M., & Miller, C. (2019). Discrimination in the United States: Experiences of lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and queer Americans.
Health Services Research,
54(S2), 1454–1466. https://doi.org/10.1111/1475-6773.13229
Neves, S., Borges, J., Ferreira, M., Correia, M., Sousa, E., Rocha, H., Silva, L., Allen, P., & Vieira, C. (2023). A literature review on violence and discrimination against trans people in Portugal: Are we still living in a dictatorship?
Sexualities. https://doi.org/10.1177/13634607231197059
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