vu ahe3100 advanced exercise physiology cardiopulmonary responses to exercise

Question:
Cardiopulmonary Responses to Exercise
Aim
To examine heart rate and blood pressure responses to static and dynamic exercise
Introduction
During exercise, the cardiovascular system performs a number of important functions:
(1)to increase blood flow and oxygen delivery to contracting skeletal and cardiac muscle
(2)to maintain mean arterial pressure (MAP), thereby ensuring adequate cerebral blood flow, and
(3)to minimize exercise-induced hyperthermia by transporting heat to the skin where it is used to evaporate sweat.
The cardiovascular centre controls cardiovascular function, and is activated in concert with the motor cortical inputs to the contracting skeletal muscle. This central command is subject to feedback modification by baroreceptors, chemoreceptors, volume receptors and afferents within contracting skeletal muscle. The cardiovascular response to exercise is influenced by a number of factors including mode of exercise, exercise intensity and active muscle mass. Thus, the responses to different types of exercise can provide a lot of information about the health of the cardiovascular system.
Note
-students with a history of hypertension or a resting diastolic blood pressure of >90 mmHg are excluded from being subjects in this class
Part A: Static Exercise (
The Same Volunteer Has To Do Both Parts!
)
Getting Started Baseline Assessment
Record resting heart rate Palpitation (carotid or radial pulse) is fine
Measure blood pressure a number of times to establish resting values. Record resting blood
pressure
Place a blood pressure cuff on the non-exercising arm (usually your non-dominant arm)
While seated, exert maximum force with the hand-grip dynamometer with your dominant hand. The highest of three trials is to be recorded as the maximum voluntary contraction (MVC)
Procedure: Test 1

Start and maintain a handgrip contraction of the hand-held dynamometer at 30% MVC for 3 minutes, breathing normally
Record heart rate and measure blood pressure each minute during exercise At the end of 3 minutes contracting – Stop contracting
Record heart rate and measure blood pressure during 3 minutes of recovery
Procedure: Test 2

Following a 20 minute rest period, repeat test 1, but with an additional procedure
Place an additional blood pressure cuff over the biceps of the exercising arm (do not inflate)
Start and maintain a handgrip contraction of the hand-held dynamometer at 30% MVC for 3 minutes, breathing normally, and record heart rate and blood pressure as before
During the last 30 seconds of exercise, inflate the cuff on the exercising arm to between 160-200 mmHg in order to occlude the blood supply
Record heart rate and measure blood pressure (in non-exercising arm) for 3 minutes of rest with circulatory occlusion, and then record the same variables for another 3 minutes of recovery with the cuff deflated
Note
-if the subject experiences any discomfort, release the cuff to restore normal circulation
Graph heart rate and mean arterial blood pressure against time for both experimental conditions.
Part B: Dynamic Exercise (
The Same Volunteer Has To Do Both Arm And Leg

Exercises!
)
Getting Started Baseline Assessment
Place a blood pressure cuff on the arm for blood pressure
Record heart rate and measure blood pressure to establish resting (baseline) values
The subject then exercises for 12 minutes (4 minutes at 3 workloads) in 2 ways (these can be done in any order you like):
(a)leg exercise
-the subject performs step ups at a rate of 1 every 3 seconds, 1 every 2 seconds and then 1 every second
(b)arm exercise
-the subject will “bicep curl” (Both arms) light, medium and heavy loads Record heart rate and measure blood pressure during the last 30 seconds of each workload
Note 1
-as the subject will have to cease exercising for the blood pressure to be accurately taken, pump up the cuff just prior to the subject stopping so that you are ready to take the measurement as soon as the person stops exercising, and ensure that you take no more than 30 seconds to measure blood pressure
Graph heart rate and systolic, diastolic and mean arterial pressure against workload for the two modes of exercise.
Note 2
-the workloads have been designed so that they are equivalent (ie. 1 step up every 2 seconds = bicep curl with medium load. However, since we do not have absolute values for the work performed, simply list the workloads as 1, 2 and 3.
Task:
Instructions
This research is to be completed using the scientific structure (except for the introduction as that is not needed). It must include;
Introduction
Results (including tables, graphs etc)
Discussion
Conclusion
References
Please Graph heart rate and mean arterial blood pressure against time for both experimental conditions.
Please include to answer the following questions in the discussion:
What do the results say about the relative importance of central and peripheral mechanisms for the control of the heart rate and blood pressure during static exercise?
What are the differences in cardiovascular responses between arm and leg exercises, and the possible underlying reasons?
Results
Part A: Static Exercise
Maximum voluntary contraction (MVC) highest of three tries = 496N
Test 1
Exercise
Blood pressure (mmHg)
Heart Rate (BPM)
Pre-test
126/60
65
1 minute
128/62
67
2 minutes
131/63
69
3 minutes
135/65
70

Rest
Blood pressure (mmHg)
Heart Rate (BPM)
1 minute
130/63
67
2 minutes
128/62
65
3 minutes
125/60
65

Test 2
Exercise with cuffs
Blood pressure (mmHg)
Heart Rate (BPM)
1 minute
127/62
67
2 minutes
132/63
69
3 minutes
136/66
72

Rest with cuffs (inflated)
Blood pressure (mmHg)
Heart Rate (BPM)
1 minute
136/66
69
2 minutes
137/67
67
3 minutes
136/66
64

Rest with cuffs (deflated)
Blood pressure (mmHg)
Heart Rate (BPM)
1 minute
136/66
64
2 minutes
133/63
63
3 minutes
127/60
63
Part B: Dynamic Exercise
Step up exercise
Blood pressure (mmHg)
Heart Rate (BPM)
Resting
129/70
73

Step up every 3 seconds
135/72
77
Step up every 2 seconds
141/73
85
Step up every 1 second
145/72
95
*Step ups were performed for 4 minutes for each workload and measurements were taken in the final 30 seconds of each workload (3:30)

Bicep curls exercise
Blood pressure (mmHg)
Heart Rate (BPM)
Light weights
138/75
80
Medium weights
150/77
91
Heavy weights
156/78
101
*Bicep curls were performed for 4 minutes for each workload and measurements were taken in the final 30 seconds of each workload (3:30)

Read less