If one group is given some medicine that may cure a disease and the other group is given a sugar pill, the group who got the medicine is the
A. Hypothetical group
B. Scientific group
C. Control group
D. Experimental group

2. Which is NOT a characteristic of all life?
A. Responsiveness
B. Evolution
C. Reproduction
D. Random cell structure

3. A good hypothesis must
A. Be a logical explanation of events
B. Be testable
C. Account for all current information related to the events being studied
D. All of these statements are true

4. A characteristic of life is
A. Chemical bonds
B. The use of oxygen
C. The production of CO2
D. Cellular organization

5. Which of the following is an example of adaptation, one of the characteristics of life?
A. The evolutionary changes that occur to a species
B. Sexual reproduction
C. Organismal organization
D. Metabolism

6. A reason an automobile engine is not considered to be living is that it is not able to
A. Utilize energy
B. Change its activities
C. Make copies of itself
D. Utilize chemical reactions

7. All of the chemical reactions that take place within your body are known as
A. Organismal structure
B. Metabolism
C. Irritability
D. Adaptation

8. One of the characteristics of life is
A. The ability to diffuse materials
B. Being able to adapt to new environmental conditions
C. Being made up of inorganic material
D. All of these statements are true

9. Science is
A. An organized study of information
B. Impossible to define
C. A process for collecting and organizing knowledge
D. The study of life

10. Science is
A. Able to supply solutions to most human problems
B. Always correct
C. Distinguished from nonscientific areas of study by the way information is gathered
D. A body of information gathered about nature in the last 2,000 years

11. Information from experiments is considered valid if
A. The same results are obtained each time the experiment is performed
B. The results were predicted by the hypothesis
C. The same results are obtained by several scientists
D. All of these statements are true

12. Art, theology, and philosophy are nonsciences because they
A. Are not worthwhile fields of study
B. Are basically untrue
C. Deal with things that cannot be tested by the scientific method
D. Are bodies of knowledge too small to qualify as science

13. Which of the following statements is MOST correct?
A. Science is always right
B. Nonscientific study has little value
C. Science has all the answers
D. Science seeks to explain natural occurrences

14. Metabolism refers to
A. Chemical reactions such as photosynthesis
B. The process of reproduction
C. The formation of heterotrophs
D. A collection of hypotheses

15. Controls are necessary in scientific experiments because they
A. Serve as a basis for comparison with the experimental results
B. Enable the investigator to control the results
C. Always confirm your observation
D. Allow the investigator to develop experience in science

16. Which one of the following steps of the scientific method should come only after a hypothesis has been formed?
A. Question formulation
B. Resource exploration
C. Experimentation
D. Observation

17. A hypothesis is BEST described as
A. A general principle
B. A logical explanation that can be tested
C. A theory
D. A generally accepted concept

18. ___________ are the fundamental structural units of all living things.
A. Molecules
B. Atoms
C. Cells
D. Protons

19. Which sequence correctly lists levels of organization from simple to more complex?
A. Biosphere, ecosystem, community, population
B. Atoms, cell, molecules, tissue, organism
C. Organ system, organ, organisms, cell
D. Cell, tissue, organ, organ system

20. A person hears a sound coming from a hole in the ground. Sometime later a groundhog is seen emerging from the hole in the ground. The person suspects that the sounds were made by the groundhog since they have witnessed this behavior before. The underlined portion of this story is BEST described as a(n)
A. Experiment
B. Hypothesis
C. Observation
D. Test of a hypothesis

21. Which one of the following BEST distinguishes scientific areas of study from those that are not science?
A. Nonscientific areas of study have few facts
B. Scientific areas of study publish their findings and ideas
C. Scientific areas of study rarely make mistakes
D. Scientific areas of study always test their assumptions and ideas

22. A person hears a sound coming from a hole in the ground. Sometime later a groundhog is seen emerging from the hole in the ground. The person suspects that the sounds were made by the groundhog. The underlined portion of this story is BEST described as a(n)
A. Experiment
B. Hypothesis
C. Observation
D. Test of a hypothesis

23. Which term BEST describes populations of trees, insects, mammals, fungi, bacteria, and many other organisms that interact in any location?
A. Biosphere
B. Ecosystem
C. Bioregion
D. Community

24. Edward Jenner noticed that the milkmaids who milked cows by hand often were infected with cowpox and that their infections were mild. He also noticed that these same milkmaids did not contract smallpox, which was a much more serious disease. He presumed that the cowpox infections prevented the milkmaids from contracting the much more serious disease of smallpox. Subsequently he began vaccinating people with the pus-like material from cowpox lesions to determine if his thinking was correct. In the story above, the underlined portion is a(n)
A. Hypothesis
B. Observation
C. Theory
D. Experiment

25. A theory and a hypothesis are different in that
A. You must have a theory before you can form a hypothesis
B. A theory is developed as a result of broad agreement among scientists and a hypothesis is a much less substantiated idea
C. A theory is much easier to disprove than a hypothesis
D. A theory can never be disproved while a hypothesis can

26. Which of the following terms BEST describes the scientific method?
A. Process
B. Event
C. Communication
D. Sequential

27. The process of maintaining a constant internal environment is called
A. Homeostasis
B. Metabolism
C. Induction
D. Deduction

28. Evolution is the
A. Slow change in the genetic makeup of a population of organisms over may generations
B. Fast change in the genetic makeup of a population of organisms over may generations
C. Slow change in the genetic makeup of an individual over a lifetime
D. Fast change in the genetic makeup of an individual over a lifetime

29.  Which level of organization includes all others?  
A.  cell
B.  tissue
C.  organ
D.  organism
E.  population 

30.  Which level of organization is required for all others to form?  
A.  cell
B.  tissue
C.  organ
D.  organism
E.  population 

31.  When communities of organisms interact with their physical environment they form a(n)  
A.  population.
B.  organism.
C.  community.
D.  ecosystem.
E.  macromolecular community. 

32.  Which is the simplest of all levels of organization?  
A.  atom
B.  cell
C.  organ
D.  organism
E.  population 

33.  Which level of organization reflects an individual composed of multiple organ systems?  
A.  atom
B.  cell
C.  organ
D.  organism
E.  population 

34.  New species evolve from pre-existing species by the accumulation of  
A.  metabolic events.
B.  genetic mutations.
C.  proteomes.
D.  reproductive events.
E.  developmental events. 

35.  Evolutionary change  
A.  occurs through the modification of characteristics in a preexisting population.
B.  may involve vertical descent with mutation.
C.  may involve horizontal gene transfer.
D.  All of these choices are correct.
E.  None of these choices are correct. 

36.  In the process of biological evolution, new species may evolve through exchange of genes from one species to another. This process is called  
A.  proteome transfer.
B.  horizontal gene transfer.
C.  vertical evolution.
D.  vertical descent with mutation.
E.  genomic sciences. 

37.  The grouping or classification of species is termed  
A.  eukaryotism.
B.  prokaryotism.
C.  genus.
D.  kingdom.
E.  taxonomy. 

38.  When grouping organisms, which classification is most general for a particular type of organism?  
A.  Kingdom
B.  Phylum
C.  Order
D.  Family
E.  Species 

39.  When considering nomenclature for scientific names, what is the difference between the two primates, Homo sapiens and Homo erectus?  
A.  One is a primate but the other is not.
B.  They are animals of a different kingdom.
C.  They are animals of a different order.
D.  They are animals of a different species.
E.  They are animals of a different genus. 

40.  An explanation for a biological process that is substantiated by a large body of evidence is called a  
A.  hypothesis.
B.  theory.
C.  systems biology.
D.  reductionism.
E.  prediction. 

41.  Collecting data without a specific hypothesis in mind is called  
A.  reductionism.
B.  hypothesis testing.
C.  discovery-based science.
D.  theoretical.
E.  All of these choices are correct.