Questions over administration benefits | Human Resource Management homework help

HRM Essay Writing Help

This is a multiple choice quiz for my Administration Benefits class. Each question contains each of the multiple choice answers to chose from. Anyone familiar with the aspects and topics of benefits and administration shouldn’t have that much problem with this – or theres always the internet! I do need this back fairly quickly!

Top of Form

Question 1

Which of the following is not an accrual criteria?

Answer

[removed]		Average benefit test
[removed]		3% rule
[removed]		Fractional rule
[removed]		113 1/3 rule

1.5 points

Question 2

These indicate yearly probabilities of death based on such factors as age and sex.

Answer

[removed]		Experience ratings
[removed]		Formulary ratings
[removed]		Mortality tables
[removed]		Morbidity tables

1.5 points

Question 3

Which of the following is not a hybrid plan?

Answer

[removed]		Money purchase
[removed]		Cash balance
[removed]		Stock option
[removed]		Target benefit

1.5 points

Question 4

In short-term disability insurance plans, this term refers to the minimum amount of time an employee must wait after becoming disabled before disability insurance payments begin.

Answer

[removed]		Elimination period
[removed]		Exclusion period
[removed]		Preeligibility period
[removed]		Full integration period

1.5 points

Question 5

This consumer-driven health care option allows employees to contribute pre-tax wages annually to pay for qualified medical expenses, but they will lose the balance not used at year’s end.

Answer

[removed]		Flexible spending accounts
[removed]		Health reimbursement arrangements
[removed]		Health savings accounts
[removed]		Flexible savings accounts

1.5 points

Question 6

Most short-term disability insurance plans pay employees around how much of their regular pre-tax salary?

Answer

[removed]		85 – 100%
[removed]		35 – 50%
[removed]		50 – 67%
[removed]		40 – 59%

1.5 points

Question 7

ERISA regulates all but which of the following?

Answer

[removed]		Disability insurance
[removed]		Health insurance
[removed]		Life insurance
[removed]		Paid time off

1.5 points

Question 8

Medical care has risen about how much since 1982?

Answer

[removed]		2000%
[removed]		300%
[removed]		100%
[removed]		1000%

1.5 points

Question 9

These reduce company-sponsored benefits by subtracting a particular percentage of these disability benefits from workers’ compensation and Social Security disability plans.

Answer

[removed]		Elimination provisions
[removed]		Exclusion provisions
[removed]		Limited integration provisions
[removed]		Offset provisions

1.5 points

Question 10

This law sets minimum standards for the length of hospital stays for mothers and newborns.

Answer

[removed]		Family and Medical Leave Act
[removed]		Newborns’ and Mothers’ Health Protection Act
[removed]		Pregnancy Discrimination Act
[removed]		Newborns’ and Mothers’ Discrimination Act

1.5 points

Question 11

What are the three specific forms of prepaid group practices?

Answer

[removed]		Universal model HMOs, group model HMOs, staff model HMOs
[removed]		Group model HMOs, network model HMOs, universal model HMOs
[removed]		Staff model HMOs, group model HMOs, network model HMOs
[removed]		Network model HMOs universal model HMOs, staff model HMOs

1.5 points

Question 12

In 2009, the IRC set the maximum annual benefits of defined benefits plans at what amount?

Answer

[removed]		$135,000
[removed]		$195,000
[removed]		$265,000
[removed]		$235,000

1.5 points

Question 13

Companies establish retirement plans following one of these three design configurations.

Answer

[removed]		Defined benefit, defined contribution, hybrid
[removed]		Qualified benefit, qualified contribution, hybrid
[removed]		Qualified benefit, nonqualified benefit, hybrid
[removed]		Funded, unfunded, hybrid

1.5 points

Question 14

According to ADA guidelines, which of the following is true?

Answer

[removed]		Employers can require a longer preeligibility period for employees with disabilities
[removed]		Employers cannot exclude qualified employees with disabilities from participating in its’ disability retirement plans
[removed]		Employers must offer the same benefits to all under its disability retirement plans
[removed]		Employers must include cost-of-living adjustments on its disability benefits

1.5 points

Question 15

This ERISA Title specifies a variety of protections for participants and beneficiaries.

Answer

[removed]		Title II
[removed]		Title III
[removed]		Title I
[removed]		Title IV

1.5 points

Question 16

What is the 3% rule used to determine?

Answer

[removed]		Nondiscrimination in defined benefits plans
[removed]		Nondiscrimination in defined contribution plans
[removed]		Tax benefit qualification for defined benefits plans
[removed]		Tax benefit qualification for defined contribution plans

1.5 points

Question 17

This amendment contains the equal benefit or equal cost principle and bans termination of an employee’s long-term disability benefits for active employees based on age.

Answer

[removed]		Older Workers Benefit Protection Act
[removed]		Retired Workers Protection Act
[removed]		Age Discrimination in Employment Act
[removed]		Older Workers Retirement Act

1.5 points

Question 18

This federal law requires group health plans to provide medical and surgical benefits for mastectomies.

Answer

[removed]		Women’s Health and Cancer Rights Act
[removed]		Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act
[removed]		Pregnancy Discrimination Act
[removed]		Women with Disabilities Act

1.5 points

Question 19

To qualify as a group term life insurance policy, it must insure at least how many full-time employees?

Answer

[removed]		20
[removed]		15
[removed]		10
[removed]		25

1.5 points

Question 20

Which of the following laws was NOT mentioned as having a major influence on company-sponsored disability insurance plans?

Answer

[removed]		Fair Labor Standards Act
[removed]		Age Discrimination in Employment Act
[removed]		Employee Retirement Income Security Act
[removed]		Americans with Disabilities Act

1.5 points

Question 21

These are the most popular approaches used by employers to offer consumer-driven health care.

Answer

[removed]		Flexible savings accounts, health reimbursement arrangements
[removed]		Health spending accounts, health reimbursement arrangements
[removed]		Flexible spending accounts, health reimbursement arrangements
[removed]		Health savings accounts, flexible spending accounts

1.5 points

Question 22

These types of insurance plans are set up to cover things like dental care, vision care and prescription drugs.

Answer

[removed]		Flexible savings plans
[removed]		Flexible services accounts
[removed]		Carve-out plans
[removed]		Health services accounts

1.5 points

Question 23

Savings incentive match plans for employees (SIMPLEs) have the following characteristics

Answer

[removed]		The company has at least 100 employees, the employees’ preceding year’s compensation totaled at least $5000, the company has no other employer-sponsored retirement plan
[removed]		The company has fewer than 100 employees, the employees’ preceding year’s compensation totaled less than $5000, the company has no other employer-sponsored retirement plan
[removed]		The company has fewer than 100 employees, the employees’ preceding year’s compensation totaled less than $5000, the company offers other employer-sponsored retirement plans
[removed]		The company has fewer than 100 employees, the employees’ preceding year’s compensation totaled at least $5,000, the company has no other employer-sponsored retirement plan

1.5 points

Question 24

Which of the following are characteristics of the flat benefit formula used in defined benefits plans?

Answer

[removed]		An employee’s years of service are considered, is determined using a flat amount formula or a flat percentage formula, the benefit is based on a percentage of the employee’s final average wage or salary
[removed]		Is determined using a flat amount formula or a flat percentage formula an employee’s years of service are considered, the benefit is based on a percentage of the employee’s final average wage or salary, is based on the employee’s last 3-4 years of service
[removed]		Is based on the employee’s last 3-4 years of service an employee’s years of service are considered, the benefit is based on a percentage of the employee’s final average wage or salary, an employee’s years of service are considered
[removed]		The benefits are based on a percentage of the employee’s final average wage or salary, are based on the employee’s last 3-4 years of service and are determined using a flat amount formula or a flat percentage formula

1.5 points

Question 25

The 133 1/3% rule refers to what?

Answer

[removed]		The annual accrual rate for defined benefits plans
[removed]		The annual accrual rate for defined contribution plans
[removed]		The annual accrual rate for qualified benefit plans
[removed]		The annual accrual rate for qualified contribution plans

1.5 points

Question 26

What is coinsurance?

Answer

[removed]		When both parents have employer-sponsored insurance coverage for their children
[removed]		Two insurance companies combine to offer a group policy to an employer
[removed]		The amount an employee has to pay out-of-pocket before the insurance kicks in
[removed]		The percentage of covered expenses paid by the insured

1.5 points

Question 27

FASB 106 does not do which of the following?

Answer

[removed]		Held firm the method for how companies recognize the costs of non pension retirement benefits, including health insurance, on financial balance sheets
[removed]		Reduces the amount of net profit companies list on balance sheets
[removed]		Benefits such as health care coverage establish an exchange between the employer and employee
[removed]		Post-retirement benefits are part of employee’s compensation package

1.5 points

Question 28

In 2008, what percentage of full-time and part-time employees received employer-sponsored life insurance?

Answer

[removed]		40% full-time, 20% part-time
[removed]		70% full-time, 30% part-time
[removed]		70% full-time, 40% part-time
[removed]		75% full-time, 17% part-time

1.5 points

Question 29

Short-term disability insurance usually provides benefits for up to how long?

Answer

[removed]		6 months
[removed]		9 months
[removed]		3 months
[removed]		12 months

1.5 points

Question 30

Which of the following does not fall within the scope of the role of a primary care physician?

Answer

[removed]		Making initial diagnosis and evaluation of patient’s condition
[removed]		Identifying applicable treatment protocols and practice guidelines
[removed]		Providing specialist diagnosis
[removed]		Deciding what treatment is warranted

1.5 points

Question 31

Which legislative act made benefit and contribution limits permanent?

Answer

[removed]		ERISA Title I
[removed]		Economic Growth and Tax Relief Reconciliation Act of 2001
[removed]		Pension Protection Act of 2006
[removed]		ERISA Title III

1.5 points

Question 32

These are the three main types of dental plans.

Answer

[removed]		Dental fee-for-service, dental savings accounts, dental maintenance organizations
[removed]		Dental savings accounts, dental maintenance organizations, dental service plans
[removed]		Dental preferred provider organizations, dental maintenance organizations, dental service corporations
[removed]		Dental fee-for-service, dental service corporations, dental maintenance organizations

1.5 points

Question 33

To qualify as a nondiscriminating defined contribution plan, it must meet which two safe harbors?

Answer

[removed]		Base contribution formula or collateral contribution formula
[removed]		Fixed first-dollar-of-profits formula or graduated first-dollar-of-profits formula
[removed]		Uniform allocation formula or uniform points allocation formula
[removed]		Profitability threshold formula or the backloading formula

1.5 points

Question 34

The benefits distributed from profit sharing plans are usually allocated using one of these three ways.

Answer

[removed]		Lump sum payments, graduated payments, proportional payments based on their contributions to profits
[removed]		Equal payments, proportional payments based on salary, lump sum payments, graduated payments
[removed]		Equal payments, proportional payments based on salary, proportional payments based on their contributions to profits
[removed]		Equal payments based on contributions to profits, equal payments based on salary, lump sum payments

1.5 points

Question 35

Which one of these is not a defined contribution plan?

Answer

[removed]		Cash balance plan
[removed]		ESOPs
[removed]		SIMPLE
[removed]		Profit sharing

1.5 points

Question 36

This consumer-driven health care option contains contributions made by employers and the balance can be carried-over to the next year.

Answer

[removed]		Flexible spending accounts
[removed]		Health reimbursement arrangements
[removed]		Health savings accounts
[removed]		Flexible savings accounts

1.5 points

Question 37

These two are the basic accrual rules for the nondiscrimination testing for defined contribution plans.

Answer

[removed]		Contributions cannot be reduced based on age, no maximum age limit for discontinuing contributions
[removed]		Contributions can be reduced based on age if everyone in the plan is affected, no maximum age limit for discontinuing contributions
[removed]		Contributions can be reduced based on age if everyone in the plan is affected, no minimum age limit for discontinuing contributions
[removed]		Contributions can be increased based on age, no maximum age limit for discontinuing contributions

1.5 points

Question 38

This type of medical plan acts as a backup to basic insurance by covering expenses that exceed maximum benefit limits.

Answer

[removed]		Supplemental major medical plan
[removed]		Comprehensive major medical plan
[removed]		Network major medical plan
[removed]		Uniform major medical plan

1.5 points

Question 39

This type of hybrid plan is based on income and years of service, uses individual accounts, passes the IRS’s cross-testing rules and the total benefits are based on the investment performance of the plan’s assets.

Answer

[removed]		Target benefit plan
[removed]		Money purchase plan
[removed]		Age-weighted profit sharing plan
[removed]		Cash balance plan

1.5 points

Question 40

Which of the following is a tax benefit associated with 401(k) plans?

Answer

[removed]		Employees pay taxes on their contribution
[removed]		Employees do not pay taxes on their contributions
[removed]		Investment gains are taxed
[removed]		Employees cannot deduct their contributions from taxable income

1.5 points

Question 41

Using the ratio percentage test for tax benefit qualification, what does the percentage of nonhighly compensated employees to highly compensated employees in the plan have to be?

Answer

[removed]		30%
[removed]		70%
[removed]		60%
[removed]		40%

1.5 points

Question 42

Employer-sponsored disability insurance plans generally supplement legally required benefits established by which law?

Answer

[removed]		Family Medical Leave Act
[removed]		Employee Retirement Income Security Act
[removed]		Fair Labor Standards Act
[removed]		Social Security Act

1.5 points

Question 43

US companies offered life insurance to what percentage full time employees in 2008?

Answer

[removed]		50%
[removed]		75%
[removed]		70%
[removed]		78%

1.5 points

Question 44

Self-inflicted wounds and drug dependency are generally considered as what in most short-term disability insurance plans?

Answer

[removed]		Partial disability provisions
[removed]		Exclusion provisions
[removed]		Elimination provisions
[removed]		Preexisting condition provisions

1.5 points

Question 45

Which of the following is not true for medical reimbursement plans?

Answer

[removed]		Reimburses employees totally or partially
[removed]		Usually associated with self-funded or independent indemnity plans
[removed]		Deductibles must be met
[removed]		Coinsurance usually 70%

1.5 points

Question 46

Which of the following is NOT a common method for funding tax deferred annuities?

Answer

[removed]		Annuity contracts
[removed]		Profit sharing
[removed]		Custodial agreements
[removed]		Life insurance

1.5 points

Question 47

This prescription drug plan is usually associated with indemnity plans, pays benefits after the employee has met the deductible and tends to charge the most for filling the prescriptions.

Answer

[removed]		Drug prescription plan
[removed]		Mail order prescription drug program
[removed]		Medical reimbursement plan
[removed]		Prescription card program

1.5 points

Question 48

Most long-term disability insurance plans pay how much after a waiting period of how long?

Answer

[removed]		70 – 90%, after 6 – 12 months
[removed]		70 – 90%, after 3 – 6 months
[removed]		50 – 70% after 6 – 12 months
[removed]		50 – 70% after 3 – 6 months

1.5 points

Question 49

What are the two types of fee-for-service plans?

Answer

[removed]		Health savings accounts, indemnity plans
[removed]		Health savings accounts, health reimbursement plans
[removed]		Health reimbursement plans, indemnity plans
[removed]		Indemnity plans, self-funded plans

1.5 points

Question 50

Which section of the US income tax code specifies that the cost of employer-provided group term life insurance qualifies as a tax-free benefit to an employee?

Answer

[removed]		Section 69
[removed]		Section 77
[removed]		Section 79
[removed]		Section 97

1.5 points

Question 51

This is a mental or physical disability for which medical advice, diagnosis, care or treatment was received, during a designated period preceding the beginning of disability insurance coverage.

Answer

[removed]		Preeligibility condition
[removed]		Exclusive condition
[removed]		Eliminating condition
[removed]		Preexisting condition

1.5 points

Question 52

Which of the following is not a criteria for determining tax qualification in IRC section 79?

Answer

[removed]		General rule for tax benefits of group term life insurance
[removed]		Exceptions to the general rule that impose taxation
[removed]		Determination of cost of insurance
[removed]		Employees does not include former employees

1.5 points

Question 53

Companies can choose from which three classes of health insurance programs?

Answer

[removed]		Fee-for-service, managed care, point-of-service
[removed]		Indemnity, health savings accounts, managed care
[removed]		Point-of-service, fee-for-service, indemnity
[removed]		Self-funded, managed care, fee-for-service

1.5 points

Question 54

What are the three common forms of managed care plans?

Answer

[removed]		Individual practice organizations, point-of-service plans, health maintenance organizations
[removed]		Health maintenance organizations, preferred provider organizations, point-of-service plans
[removed]		Preferred provider organizations, point-of-service plans, individual practice organizations
[removed]		Preferred provider organizations, health maintenance organizations, individual practice organizations

1.5 points

Question 55

This type of defined contribution plan, also known as a CODA, permits only private sector or tax-exempt employers’ employees to tax defer part of their compensation to the trust of a qualified plan.

Answer

[removed]		Section 457 plan
[removed]		Section 403(b) annuities
[removed]		Saving incentive match plan
[removed]		Section 401(k) plan

1.5 points

Question 56

State health instructor laws address all BUT which of the following?

Answer

[removed]		Extending coverage to particular services, treatments or health conditions
[removed]		Reimbursing recognized health care providers for health care services
[removed]		Employer’s self-funded plans
[removed]		Length of time coverage

1.5 points

Question 57

These types of insurance plans provide protection against health care expenses in the form of cash benefits paid to the insured or directly to the provider after the services are rendered.

Answer

[removed]		Point-of-service plans
[removed]		Managed care plans
[removed]		Fee-for-service plans
[removed]		Health savings accounts

1.5 points

Question 58

This type of hybrid plan defines benefits for each employee by reference to the amount of the employee’s hypothetical account balance.

Answer

[removed]		Money purchase plan
[removed]		Target benefit plan
[removed]		Cash balance plan
[removed]		Pension equity plan

1.5 points

Question 59

Which of the following factors does not determine the accrual rate in defined contribution plans?

Answer

[removed]		Benefits equal balance in the account
[removed]		Company cannot set maximum age limits for discontinuing contributions
[removed]		Company’s contribution cannot be reduced because of employee age
[removed]		Benefits exceed the balance in the account

1.5 points

Question 60

This type of group insurance plan offers health insurance and other benefits to the employees of two or more unaffiliated employers, except for any arrangements established by a collective bargaining agreement.

Answer

[removed]		Voluntary employee beneficiary associations
[removed]		Multiple employer trusts
[removed]		Pooled coverage
[removed]		Multiple employer welfare arrangement

Continue to order Manage Your Orders

Book/movie review

22/08/2022

The writer is very fast, professional and responded to the review request fast also. Thank you.

Term paper

22/08/2022

They have a magnificent team. These people are always kind and willing to listen to your concerns or issues. Better yet, your assignment is always ready before the time, they usually send you a draft to double-check before they finalize your paper.

Article review

22/08/2022

Outstanding work! This writer followed every instruction and my paper came back with an A! I recommend to anyone needing help! Thank you again ❤️

Presentation/PPT

22/08/2022

Completed quickly and followed instructions given. Grammar, spelling, etc. was all good as well. Thank you so much! Will hire in the future.

Dissertation/Dissertation chapter

22/08/2022

Made 100% on both the outline and the paper. Quick turnaround time and my writer responded within 30 min or less. Any edits my instructor needed, my writer was patient and worked diligently to accomplish the task. Would recommend my writer to anyone!

Case study

22/08/2022

It took some time to achieve the product I was looking for, but we eventually got there. I do feel like a lot of hard work was put into this, and it even exceeded the page requirement. I'm pretty pleased overall. I give my thanks.

Article

22/08/2022

I absolutely love this writer! He/she always cranks out a fabulous paper and follows the assignment guidelines/instructions perfectly. Thanks again for always providing such quality work!!!

Journal article

22/08/2022

Outstanding job in writing my paper. I am always thrill to receive a well written paper that follows the instructions and the thorough details put into my paper. The quality of this paper is beyond awesome. Thank you so much.

Thesis/Thesis chapter

22/08/2022

My third using this writer and absolutely amazing work! Very punctual and very understanding

Research paper

22/08/2022

The work has not been graded but I like the output that was submitted to me. Is it possible for the same prof to do the next assignment I will be submitting? If possible, I will greatly appreciate it.

Term paper

23/09/2021

Thank you so so so much! you just made my day! I really appriciate all of you andn your writer's hard work and their effort and their time! you guys are truly the best! I am so happy to be working with people like you! Happy Easter! :) I hope you, your colleagues and all the writers have a wonderful rest of your day! :)

Analysis (any type)

23/09/2021

Everything was delivered on time and how I requested it. The writer finished before the due date and did a great job following directions. The writer also made sure to do full research on the topic and provided citations with references to support the essay.

Report (any type)/Brief report

23/09/2021

Thank you, so much. I greatly appreciate you doing this for me, you truly have exceeded my expectations. I am grateful for your services and I pray all is well with you and your families. God Bless you all.

Project

23/09/2021

Thank you so much! You guys are awesome. I will continue to use this service.

Term paper

23/09/2021

Thank you very much for such a great job within the timeframe. Definitely will continue using your services. Thanks to the writer who did my paper. I really appreciate your work.

Research paper

23/09/2021

Thank you, guys!!!! amazing work i know this is an A paper!!!! Thank you sooo much!!!

Article

23/09/2021

Thank you so much to this team and to the writer because the ebook that i purchase the code is still not working. you guys are the best

Article

23/09/2021

The writer assigned to my paper was phenomenal. She exceeded my expectations and provided timely communication.

Journal article

23/09/2021

Great job thank you very much. I am very happy and satisfied with your job!

Outline

23/09/2021

I really enjoyed the paper!! It's awesome. The person who wrote did a wonderful job. I appreciate them so much. I will be using this service again in the future!!

Response essay

23/09/2021

Really great job. Thank you so much. I really love it. Thank you so much for all of your help.

Essay (any type)

23/09/2021

very happy with the paper. Thank you, writer. will continue to use your sevices.

Report (any type)/Brief report

23/09/2021

I have received a high-quality paper within very short time (12 days before the deadlines). I will approve it and if I have any questions or modification i will come back to you.

Article

23/09/2021

I want to give an special thanks to the writer. You did a great job. I am very satisfied.

Research paper

23/09/2021

you guys are the sweetest! I am happy I am working with amazing people like you guys! :) hope you have an amazing rest of your day!

Essay (any type)

23/09/2021

Truly appreciate the things your company does. It truly helps people with certain deadlines and a hectic life they have.

Analysis (any type)

23/09/2021

Followed all my revisions. The writer did an awesome job. Well written and very solid quality paper. Thank you!

Outline

23/09/2021

This is absolutely what a great service means! Special thank you to the support team for being above and beyond, when it came to a very short deadline for a revision. Their cooperation was exceptional.

Literature Analysis/Review

23/09/2021

The writer did a phenomenal job with this paper! I am really happy with how the paper came out! :)

Reflection paper/Reflection essay

23/09/2021

Thank you. You did a great job. I love that you return my papers earlier than the due dates. good quality paper.

Presentation/PPT

23/09/2021

Thank you so much for writing my paper. All the details you added to the paper made the paper very informative. The organization was super great. Once again thank you.

Report (any type)/Brief report

23/09/2021

Thank you for all your excellent work you have helped me tremendously....

Essay (any type)

23/09/2021

This is amazing! Big words for my grade level but I can personally fix that. However, overall amazing.

Research proposal

23/09/2021

excellent work and the quality is amazing. I have referred this service to 3 of my co-workers.

Research paper

23/09/2021

Omg!! This is an excellent paper that you helped write for me. Thank you, so much!! I know, I'll be coming again your services with my Cost Accounting course and Accounting Finance course. :)

Essay (any type)

23/09/2021

Thank you for the cooperation and dedication. Looking forward to working in the near future.

Easy Testimonials

23/09/2021

I love your product! I would recommend this to anyone. What a great find!

Easy Testimonials

23/09/2021

I receieved excellent customer support, and quickly. Thank you so much!

Easy Testimonials

23/09/2021

I needed a simple, easy-to-use way to add testimonials to my website and display them. Easy Testimonials Pro did all of that and more!

Calculate the price of your order

Type of paper needed:

Pages:

550 words

Academic level:

We'll send you the first draft for approval by September 11, 2018 at 10:52 AM

Total price:

$26

The price is based on these factors:

Academic level

Number of pages

Urgency

Basic features

Free title page and bibliography
Unlimited revisions
Plagiarism-free guarantee
Money-back guarantee
24/7 support

On-demand options

Writer’s samples
Part-by-part delivery
Overnight delivery
Copies of used sources
Expert Proofreading

Paper format

275 words per page
12 pt Arial/Times New Roman
Double line spacing
Any citation style (APA, MLA, Chicago/Turabian, Harvard)

Questions over administration benefits | Human Resource Management homework help

Recent Posts

Recent Comments

Calculate the price of your order

Our guarantees

Money-back guarantee

Zero-plagiarism guarantee

Free-revision policy

Privacy policy

Fair-cooperation guarantee